1. Describe the IP protocol. What is DNS?
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a network-layer (Layer 3 of the OSI model) protocol that contains addressing information and some control information that enables packets to be routed. IP is documented in RFC 791 and is the primary network-layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite.
The IP has two primary responsibilities:
- Providing connectionless, best-effort delivery of datagrams through an internetwork; - Providing fragmentation and reassembly of datagrams to support data links with different maximum-transmission unit (MTU) sizes.
References:
IP protocol-Internetworking Technology Handbook, Cisco, Retrieving on 20 Mar 2009, from
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/internetworking/technology/handbook/Internet-Protocols.html
What is DNS?
The Domain Name system can be best described as a repository that the internet uses to identify machines from one another by resolving or translating human-readable computer names (Hostnames), e.g. www.cnn.com, into IP addresses, e.g. 203.143.96.236, that networking equipment requires when delivering information.
Developed in November 1983, The DNS was designed as a replacement for the older "host table" system. Both were intended to provide names for network resources at a more abstract level than network (IP) addresses. In recent years, the DNS has become a database of convenience for the Internet, with many proposals to add new features. Only some of these proposals have been successful. Often the main (or only) motivation for using the DNS is because it exists and is widely deployed, not because its existing structure, facilities, and content are appropriate for the particular application of data involved.
2. Describe the TCP Protocol. How it is related to the IP Protocol?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is the main transport protocol utilized in IP networks. The TCP protocol exists on the Transport Layer of the OSI Model. The TCP protocol is a connection-oriented protocol which provides end-to-end reliability. By connection-oriented, we mean that before two network nodes can communicate using TCP, they must first complete a handshaking protocol to create a connection. When we say that TCP provides end-to-end reliability, we mean that TCP includes mechanisms for error detection and error correction between the source and the destination.
Along with the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), IP represents the heart of the Internet protocols.
3. What do you know about building e-business applications as an Intranet, Extranet, Web portal, B2B, B2C or Virtual Private Network (VPN)? Find some examples on the Web.
eBusiness (electronic business) simply is the conduct of business on the Internet. It is a more generic term than eCommerce because it refers not only to buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business partners.
An Intranet is a set of Internet services (for example a web server) inside a local network, i.e. only accessible from workstations of a local network, or rather a set of well-defined networks that are invisible (or inaccessible) from the outside. It involves the use of Internet client-server standards (using TCP/IP) protocols such as, for example, the use of Web browsers (HTTP protocol-based client) and Web servers (HTTP protocol), to create an information system inside of an organization or enterprise.
Example of an Intranet online. Employess access their Timesheets online via
http://evaluation.bluecorp.eu
An Extranet is an extension of the information system of the company to its partners located outside of the network.
Access to the extranet must be secured to the extent that the same provides access to the information system for persons located outside of the enterprise.
This might involve simple authentication (authentication via user name and password) or strong authentication (authentication via a certificate). It is recommended to use HTTPS for all web pages that are consulted from the outside to secure the transport of HTTP queries and answers and to prevent, in particular, the open transfer of the password on the network.
An extranet is therefore neither an Intranet nor an Internet site. It is rather a supplementary system providing, for example, the clients of an enterprise, its partners or its subsidiaries with privileged access to certain computer resources of the enterprise via a Web interface.
Web portals provides a single point of access to a variety of content and core services, and ideally offer a single sign-on point. Portals give you a managed online experience, and can be particularly helpful as a start and return point for those new to the web. Portal content is dynamically managed through databases, application windows, and sometimes cookies. Portals often include calendars and to-do lists, discussion groups, announcements and reports, searches, email and address books, and access to news, weather, maps, and shopping, as well as bookmarks. Web portals often organize information into channels, customizable page containers where specific information or an application appears. Channels make it easy to locate information of interest by categorizing content.
B2B (business-to-business) is the exchange of products, services, or information between businesses rather than between businesses and consumers.
B2B Web sites can be company Web sites, since the target audience for many company Web sites is other companies and their employees. Company sites can be thought of as round-the-clock mini-trade exhibits. Sometimes a company Web site serves as the entrance to an exclusive extranet available only to customers or registered site users. Some company Web sites sell directly from the site, effectively e-tailing to other businesses.
B2C (Business-to-Consumer) that focuses on selling products or provides services to end-user consumers. While business-to-consumer activity exists both online and offline, the acronym B2C has primarily been used to describe the online variety.
Example
http://www.longhairgirl.com/?utm_source=dotshoppingcart&utm_medium=siteref&utm_campaign=showcase
One stop for Hair accessories.
What role can a VPN play in business-to-business e-commerce?
The role that a VPN play in business-to-business e-commerce is to provide confidentiality and integrity for data over ‘danger’ networks like the Internet. Therefore, it is used to secure traffic from remote workers to a VPN gateway at the edge of the company network. That gateway is responsible for authenticating users and controlling which destinations can be reached. For example, a worker on a public PC may only be permitted to check e-mail, while a worker on a company laptop may be given access to sensitive servers. A laptop missing patches or infected with a Trojan may be directed a quarantine server for remediation. Besides, a VPN allows two or more offices together to allow them to work as one. Therefore, they can share files, printers and more since the Broadband connection carries data between offices is secure and fast.
http://www.positivenetworks.com/
VPN Service site(ANXeBusiness) is a good example that shows the role a VPN can play in business-to-business ecommerce. It provides and supports customers with traditional EDI services, VAN consolidation, outsourced data translation and fully managed B2B collaboration and optimization, and is the only multi-provider of products and services in this area. ANX acquired MISG from the Motor Equipment Manufacturers Association (MEMA) and has operations for this piece of its business in Research Triangle Park, NC.
References :
http://en.kioskea.net/contents/entreprise/intranet.php3
http://www1.alcatel-lucent.com/bnd/bvs/VPN_Poster_May08.pdf
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